The base of radiation safety is the ALARA principle - "As Low As Reasonably Achievable". This proactive approach mandates that measures be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the lowest reasonable levels.
(1) The first step is thorough radiological characterization of relevant installations and materials, performed at each stage of the technical process. Already potentially exposed workers should be equipped with personal dosimeters. Through a systematic radiological survey with reliable monitoring equipment, doses and activities of radionuclides present are detected, if in solid or gaseous form. It is recommendable either to regularly repeat monitoring or to perform that even continually.
(2) From the radiological data gathered through this characterization/survey and taking the regular working hours into account, the existing or potential radiation exposure levels are estimated through specific safety assessments. These show, if radiation safety is given.
(3) If indicated, specific radiation protection measures will be determined. These can include strategies such as reducing the exposure time, keeping safe distance from radioactive sources, and implementing procedures against inhalation or ingestion of radionuclides. Also wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can become required, if not already worn out of precaution.
Radiation safety is governed by strict regulations, and compliance with these standards is essential, both for occupational safety as well as for long-term safety. Thus, regular safety assessments need to be performed to ensure that designs meet regulatory approval requirements and effectively ensure radiation safety. Furthermore, these assessments help to identify opportunities for optimization, allowing to develop a radiation protection system that is entirely safe and tailored to each unique situation.